the whole nut

farmed vs. wild fish

December 16th, 2009

I was in Austin the other weekend visiting a friend, and despite the unusually chilly weather we embarked on a day-long bike tour of the city. Austin is great–but my favorite spot? The ginormous Whole Foods. So much to look at. I was in awe. And I had to capture the moment.

(okay, so maybe the random photo of me in my biking ensemble isn’t the best at relaying all the excitement)

As we perused the aisles (all 5,000 of them) we finally ended at the fish department. So much to choose from! Rows and rows of salmon burgers, shrimp kabobs, and fillets of cod. Sometimes it’s hard to tell one fish from another, so that’s why they have signs popping up all over the place (as you’ve probably noticed). I pointed this out to my friend, Kelly, and explained that seafood must (by order of the USDA) be labeled farmed or wild. Organic will even pop up on occasion. So which is what?

Let’s get right to the point: choose wild fish over farmed. Why? For starters, farmed fish have more fat. They also have less nutritional value, like less omega-3s, than wild fish. This is due to the damaging toxins and that lurk in the fish beds, like methylmercury (mercury) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls, which is a chemical similar in make to agricultural pesticides like DDT). While all fish contain some PCBs, farmed fish have higher amounts due to the fatty fish feed. Excess PCBs can lead to problems with skin, reproduction, development and behavior.

But look at that price on the wild salmon! I know, I know, sometimes wild caught can be double in price. So, if you must get farmed fish, stick to shellfish, tilapia, carp, and catfish. These fish do not require huge amounts of feed and therefore tend to have less antibiotics and pesticides. These are also the more sustainable fish farms (salmon, on the other hand, require huge amounts of feed each day, and the waste can carry into local waters).

As for “organic” seafood–well, it’s a little hard to define, which is why there is no such thing as organic seafood. The USDA just hasn’t gotten around to it yet (so don’t be fooled by false claims!). While organic foods have endless benefits as a whole, it doesn’t really mean much in this sector (although, I do like to think of farmed fish as I do conventional produce: it’s okay if it’s the only option, but in smaller quantities). Wild is best and as organic (natural) as it’s going to get.

Bottom line? Avoid farmed fish when possible, especially when it comes to salmon. I look for Alaskan wild salmon, and never Atlantic farm-raised salmon. It may have a high price tag, but to me it’s worth it. I want fish that come from a natural environment with natural foods, free of artificial dyes and antibiotics (yes, farmed salmon are actually dyed pink, otherwise they would be gray).

So read the labels. Ask questions. Know what you’re buying (it sounds simple, right?). Check out the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch Pocket Guide to learn more about the good and not-so-good fish choices out there. After all, you are what you eat (not that I plan to turn into a fish–of course–but, you know what I mean).

Filed under: Healthy Tips

Tags: farmed fish, farmed vs. wild fish, fish and mercury, healthy, Monterey Bay Aquarium Sea Watch Pocket Guide, natural, nutritious, organic, PCB, polychlorinated biphenyls, safe, salmon, USDA, wild fish